Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Therapy (NORT)

Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Therapy (NORT) for Visual Snow Syndrome

Welcome to our guide on Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Therapy (NORT) for Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS). This guide will provide you with information about NORT, including what it is, how it works, and how it can help manage your VSS symptoms.

What is NORT?

Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Therapy (NORT) is a noninvasive individualized regime used to address visual deficits resulting from various conditions, including neurological and neuro-ophthalmological disorders like VSS. NORT aims to retrain the neural processes of the brain related to visual function through the use of various specialized lenses, prisms, filters, and eye exercises. These are customized to each patient based on their specific symptoms and medical history. Research studies demonstrate that patients with VSS who did NORT have experienced symptom improvements in several areas. These include general vision, diplopia (double vision), palinopsia, perception of visual snow (VS) and other related visual disturbances, eye movement deficits, mental health, role difficulties, dependency, debilitation, social functioning, and overall quality of life. VSS patients have also reported improvements in their ability to drive, read, work, and effectively perform daily tasks from close-up or farther away.

What does NORT involve?

The NORT protocol for VSS consists of 12 weeks of in-person, one-on-one sessions, each lasting 1 hour.

In-office examinations using optometric techniques are performed to evaluate the patient’s visual system and other aspects of vision including, ocular motility, fixation, and binocular vision. This can help identify any underlying issues that may be contributing to their symptoms.

Each session includes 3-5 exercises and at-home assignments. The home assignments are performed 5 days a week for 12 weeks and are monitored through follow-up visits. Exercises will be chosen by your physician based on your specific symptoms and medical history.

For more details on the types of exercises that may be performed, please review the study by Dr. Charles Shidlofsky, Dr. Terry Tsang, and Vanessa Mora, “The efficacy of neuro-optometric visual rehabilitation therapy in patients with visual snow syndrome“, published in Frontiers in Neurology.

Who provides NORT?

NORT is delivered by a neuro-optometrist or a trained vision therapist (under the direction of a neuro-optometrist). Activities are customized for each patient to suit their individual needs and follow the activities within the listed protocol.

Note: When scheduling an appointment, confirm that the physician sees patients with VSS, understands the condition, and offers NORT to treat VSS symptoms.

How Can I Find a Doctor Who Provides NORT for VSS?

VSS-NORT Masterclasses for Physicians

Dr. Terry Tsang and Dr. Charles Shidlofsky host VSS Masterclasses around the world to educate physicians about the condition and teach them how to treat its symptoms using NORT. By training more physicians, they hope to improve access to NORT for individuals with VSS globally. Their VSS Masterclasses are affiliated with the Council on Optometric Practitioner Education (COPE), an accreditation program created by the Association of Regulatory Boards of Optometry (ARBO) for optometric continuing education (CE) courses.

Doctors/Researchers with Expertise in VSS-NORT

Attended the VSS-NORT Physician Masterclass

Saccadic Training

Saccades are quick eye movements that help shift focus between objects, essential for activities like reading and tracking movement.

Research shows that people with Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) face unique challenges with saccades. Patients with VSS often move their eyes too quickly toward distractions or visual cues instead of staying focused on their main target.

For example, if a prompt or non-target object appears, their eyes may jump to it, even when they know it’s not the intended focus. This makes it hard to control these eye movements, leading to more mistakes known as antisaccade errors.

These issues suggest that people with VSS may struggle to balance focus and control over their eye movements. This could be due to hyperexcitability in the brain’s visual processing areas, making it harder to filter out unnecessary information. Changes in how certain brain areas communicate may also make it difficult to process sensory information accurately, resulting in rapid and sometimes inaccurate eye movements.

Saccadic Training helps improve these eye movements, supporting clearer, more stable vision and better awareness of surroundings.

In NORT, saccadic training aids VSS patients in managing visual issues by enhancing stability and focus.

Key exercises include:

4 Chart Saccade: Improves eye control by training quick, precise eye movements.
Wall Saccade with T-Step: Combines eye movement with body shifts for better balance and orientation.
Central-Peripheral Saccades: Enhances awareness of side vision, helping reduce disorientation.
3 Chart Wall Saccades: Improves the ability to organize and track visually while maintaining peripheral awareness.

Additional Resources

NORA List

The Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Association (NORA) website also shares the names of other physicians that provide NORT. However, it is important to note that these physicians may not be familiar with VSS.

ABCO List

For people affected by VSS in Australia and New Zealand, the Australasian College of Behavioural Optometrists (ACBO) has a list of NORT for VSS-certified providers in Australia and New Zealand on their website.

VSI Directory

You can also access our list of VSS Physicians & Specialists below.